app/
  controllers/ models/ views/ helpers/
lib/
config/
public
  javascripts/ images/ stylesheets/
vendors/
  plugins/ extensions/

controllers/
models/
views/
  layouts/ elements/ ...
config/
webroot/
tmp/
plugins/
vendors/

rails new my_app # Rails 3 after gem installation
rails my_app # Rails <3

class Zone < ActiveRecord::Base
  validates_presence_of :name
  validates_uniqueness_of :name
end

class User extends AppModel {
  var $name = 'User';
  var $validate = array(
    'email' => array(
      'email-create' => array(
        'rule' => 'email',
        'message' => 'Invalid e-mail.',
        'required' => true,
        'on' => 'create'
      )
    )
  );
}

class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :user
  has_many :line_items
end

class Invite extends AppModel {
  var $name = 'Invite';
  var $belongsTo = 'User';
  var $hasMany = 'Campaigns';
}

class Address < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :billing_checkouts,
    :foreign_key => "bill_address_id",
    :class_name => "Checkout"
end

class Foo extends AppModel {
  var $name = 'Foo';
  var $hasMany = array(
    'SpecialEntity' => array(
      'className' => 'SpecialEntity',
      'foreignKey' => 'entity_id',
      'conditions' =>
  array('Special.entity_class' => 'Foo'),
      'dependent' => true
    ),
  );
}

class FoosController < ActionController::Base
  helper :taxons
  actions :show, :index
include Spree::Search
layout ‘special’
end

class FooController extends AppController {
  var $name = 'Foo';
  var $helpers = array('Server', 'Cart');
  var $uses = array('SpecialEntity','User');
  var $components = array('Thing1', 'Thing2');
  var $layout = 'standard';
}

class FoosController < ActionController::Base
  before_filter :load_data, :only => :show
end

class FooController extends AppController {
  var $name = 'Foo';
function beforeFilter() {
parent::beforeFilter();
//do stuff
}
}

class FoosController < ActionController::Base
  def index
    @special_title = 'This is the Special Title!'
  end
end

class FooController extends AppController {
  var $name = 'Foo';
function index() {
$this->set(‘title’,
‘This is the Special Title!');
}
}

<%= @special_title %>

<% @foos.each do |foo| -%>
<%= foo.name %>
<% end -%>

<%= render :partial => 'shared/view_name',
  :locals => { :b => "abc" } %>

element('account_menu',
  array('page_type' => 'contact')); ?>

<%= javascript_include_tag
  'my_javascript',
  'my_javascript2' %>
<%= stylesheet_link_tag
  'my_style' %>

css(array('my_style.css'),
    null, array(), false);
  $javascript->link(array('my_javascript.js'),
    false);
?>

# Rails 3
match '/cart',
  :to => 'orders#edit',
  :via => :get,
  :as => :cart
# Rails <3
map.login '/login',
  :controller => 'user_sessions',
  :action => 'new'

Router::connect('/refer',
  array('controller' => 'invites',
        'action' => 'refer'));
Router::connect('/sales/:sale_id',
  array('controller' => 'sale',
        'action' => 'show'),
  array('sale_id' => '[0-9]+'));

# Rails 3
namespace :admin do
  resources :foos do
    collection do
      get :revenue
      get :profit
    end
  end
end
Rails <3
map.namespace :admin do |admin|
admin.resources :foos, :collection => {
:revenue            => :get,
:profit             => :get,
}
end

Rails.logger.warn "steph!" # Rails 3
logger.warn "steph!" # Rails <3

RAILS_DEFAULT_LOGGER.warn "steph!"

$this->log('steph!', LOG_DEBUG);

• Ruby is prettier than PHP.
• Rails Object Oriented Programming implementation is more elegant than in CakePHP.
• Rails routing is far superior to CakePHP routing.
• Deployment and writing migrations are simpler with built in or peripheral tools.
• Documentation of Rails is better than CakePHP.

• CakePHP has better performance than Rails. UPDATE: This appears to be a rumor. Benchmark data suggests that Rails performs better than CakePHP.
• PHP is supported on hosting providers better than Rails.
• PHP developers are typically less expensive than Ruby/Rails developers.